According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, drowning ranks behind only motor-vehicle accidents as the leading cause of death among youngsters in middle childhood. But whether you’re five years old or 105 years old, it’s always important to consider safety precautions before entering the water.

You’re probably familiar with the basic rules for water but don’t take them for granted. In case you need a refresher, the Mayo Clinic offers six guidelines to keep you safe in the water:

• Learn to swim: Sign up for classes through your local YMCA, YWCA, Red Cross or local pools with certified instructors.
  
  
• Cover up: It is extremely important to protect your skin from the sun. Avoid being outdoors between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 pm. when the sun’s rays are the most intense. If you are outside, be sure to wear sunscreen with an SPF rating of at least 15. It is also important to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes and a hat to shield your face.
  
  
• Take lessons when trying a new water sport: If possible, take lessons before the day you try a new activity. Many community recreation centers offer these lessons.
  
  
• Buddy up: It is important to have another person with you while in the water or playing water sports. If one of you gets into trouble, the other can help – plus you will have more fun being with another person!
  
  
• Watch for changing weather: If the skies look threatening, be prepared to get out of the water and take cover.
  
  
• Avoid alcohol: In the United States, alcohol is a factor in about 25 percent to 50 percent of adolescent and adult deaths from drowning or injuries incurred in the water. Alcohol impairs judgment, balance and coordination – which are all essential for swimming.

The American Red Cross offers a few additional general water safety tips:

• Swim only in areas supervised by a lifeguard.
• Read and obey all rules and posted signs – they are there for a reason!
• Make sure you are not too tired, too cold, too far from the shore, you’ve had too much sun or too much strenuous activity – it could lead to drowning or injury.
• Make sure you are aware of your water environment and its potential hazards (including water depth, currents, obstructions, etc.).
• Enter the water headfirst only when an area is clearly marked for diving.

Sources: American Red Cross, American Academy of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic.