The student shall be able to perform from the following course objectives in such manner that the cumulative performance total, as measured by written examinations, meets the required grade percentages (see Grading Criteria).

A. Terminology- the student shall master terminology based upon gross anatomical structures, their forms, and relationships.

B. For each structure studied within the cardiovascular, lymph vascular, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and endocrine systems; and special sense organs, the student shall be able to:

1. name, describe, and identify the structure including such distinguishing characteristics as shape, landmarks, ducts, attachments, branches, tributaries, unique structure, etc.
2. depending on the specific structure, locate and identify it on a classmate, model, diagram, and/or cadaver as instructed
3. give its major blood and nerve supply
4. describe its structural relations with other structures in the region
5. define/describe specific associated data as given

C. For structures studied within the central nervous system the student shall be able to:

1. name, describe, and identify basic structural components presented
2. give basic function(s) of certain components as directed
   
   

1. Attendance, and active participation in the laboratory is required. Attendance will be taken. Ten points are given for participation in dissection and appropriate behavior.
2. Although attendance is not taken in the lectures, it is expected that students will attend class and be prepared to participate.

1. In case of illness, the instructor must be notified the day of the exam. When permission is granted, a subjective make-up test will be given.
2. No individual exams will be given prior to the regularly scheduled exam.
3. All regrades must be submitted within one week after the graded exams are returned.

Guaranteed grades are as follows:

• Gross anatomy labs containing cadaver specimens will be locked at all times.
• Access to labs and cadavers is strictly limited to students registered for approved courses at NWHSU.
• No photography is allowed in the anatomy labs.
• Cell phones are strictly prohibited.
• Access to labs and cadavers is limited to post high school age people only.

All persons involved in the study, or with knowledge of the study, will keep CONFIDENTIAL all aspects of the study. All students will be counseled on appropriate respect for the cadavers and only involved students and faculty are allowed to use and view the cadavers. Any violation of these regulations will be punishable by immediate suspension and/or criminal prosecution.

COGNITIVE DOMAIN

Circulatory System
(Cardiovascular and lymph vascular systems)

1. name, identify, and trace the flow of the major arteries: their branches, accompanying deep veins and major peripheral nerves, anastomoses, and structures supplied as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Great Vessels of the Thorax, Vessels of the Head and Neck, Patterns of Vascular Supply: Abdominal Region, and Vascular Elements of the Pelvis."
2. dissect and identify in the cadaver the vessels and other structures of the circulatory system, and accompanying nerves as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
3. name, identify, and trace the flow of the major superficial veins.
4. define artery versus a vein.
5. discuss the concept of an anastomosis and collateral circulation.
6. describe superficial and deep venous drainage.
7. name, describe, and identify in detail the structures of the heart and their functions, using lecture and dissection.
8. describe the basic structure of the pericardial sac and associated pericardial ligaments.
9. list and define structures comprising pulmonary and systemic blood circulation.
10. describe physiologically how blood primarily enters the coronary arteries.
11. name the major nodes and lymphatic vessels; describe the pathways of the lymphatic drainage and factors which control lymph flow.
12. define intercellular fluid, lymph, and chyle.
13. describe the major anastomoses and collateral routes used in the advent of an obstructed abdominal aorta or inferior vena cava.
14. define proximal versus distal in reference to blood vessels.
15. define branches versus tributaries in reference to vessels.
16. describe how the heart is supported within the thorax.
    
    
    

Digestive System

1. Oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus:
   1. name and describe the location of the salivary glands and their ducts.
   2. name, describe and identify tooth structures, classification of teeth, dental formula, deciduous and permanent teeth.
   3. describe and identify the tongue and its landmarks.
   4. name the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue; describe their origin, insertion, action, and innervation.
   5. name, identify, and describe the location of frenula and mucosal structures.
   6. describe deglutition: the stages of and role of various structures.
   7. define the location and structures of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx
   8. define the fauces and its associated structures.
   9. name the constrictor and longitudinal muscles of the pharynx; describe their origin, insertion, action, and innervation.
   10. identify the vertebral levels of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, and hyoid bone.
   11. describe the gross anatomy and location of the esophagus and its natural constrictions as related to foreign objects.
       
2. The gastrointestinal tract:
   1. describe the gross anatomy of the stomach, its landmarks, capacity, possible shapes, and muscle layers.
   2. define an anatomical versus a physiological sphincter.
   3. identify through dissection the successive portions of the GI tract (see document: "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide") noting major structural variations and how these account in part for differences in function.
   4. name, describe, and identify the various structures of the GI tract as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Digestive System" and describe their functional aspects.
   5. describe the areas of portal-caval anastomoses and symptoms indicating possible portal hypertension.
   6. define a portal system and portal hypertension.
      
3. Accessory organs of digestion, the exocrine glands and gallbladder:
   1. name, describe, and identify the gross anatomy of the liver, its lobes, visceral impressions, landmarks, and anatomical relationships with the gallbladder and biliary duct system.
   2. identify through dissection the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and biliary duct system.
   3. name, describe, and identify the gross anatomy of the pancreas, its ducts and distinguishing landmarks.
      
4. The peritoneum- its folds, named ligaments and subdivisions:
   1. define and identify parietal and visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, omental bursa/lesser peritoneal sac (also upper and lower recesses), greater peritoneal sac, and epiploic foramen.
   2. define the terms retroperitoneal, mesentery, and omentum.
   3. name, define, and identify the various peritoneal mesenteries, omenta, and ligaments.
   4. dissect and identify in the cadaver peritoneal components as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide".
   5. discuss the peritoneum as a supporting structure and an anatomical barrier to the spread of infection.
      
      

Respiratory System

1. name, describe, and identify the gross anatomy of the external nose (surface anatomy, cartilages, etc.)
   
2. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of the nasal cavity and its associated paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and respiratory diaphragm as described in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Respiratory System."
3. discuss primary routes used for the spread of nasal and sinus infections.
   
4. describe the relation of direction and size of primary bronchi to frequency of inhaled objects being lodged in each.
5. name, describe, and identify in detail the anatomy of the larynx; describe the action and attachments of its muscles in reference to breathing and phonation.
6. define and identify parietal and visceral pleurae, pleural cavity, pleural recesses, and pulmonary ligament.
7. define a bronchopulmonary segment; list number in each lung.
8. name and describe the vertebral levels of the major apertures in the respiratory diaphragm and name structures traversing the apertures.
9. dissect and identify in the cadaver the structures of the respiratory system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
   
   

Urinary System

1. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of the urinary bladder, kidneys (as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Urinary Bladder and Kidneys" and the lab manual), ureters, and urethra.
2. describe the relationship of renal fascia to perirenal and pararenal fat, also movements and the relations of the kidneys.
3. describe the differences between the course of male and female pelvic ureters.
4. describe length and position of the male and female urethra as a factor in the spread of infections to urinary bladder.
5. name, describe, and identify the sphincters associated with the urethra.
6. describe the process and anatomical structures involved in micturition.
7. dissect and identify in the cadaver the urinary bladder, kidneys, and ureters noting landmarks listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
   
   

Reproductive System

1. describe comparatively the gonads, noting location, gross structure, etc.
   
2. male reproductive system and its accessory components:
   1. trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system.
   2. name, describe, and identify the ducts involved and their anatomical relationship.
   3. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of accessory components (seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands); describe their secretions.
   4. describe the descent of the testes in relation to abdominal wall derived scrotal and spermatic cord layers.
   5. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of the male reproductive system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Male Reproductive System."
   6. dissect and identify in the cadaver the structures of the male reproductive system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
   7. name, describe, and identify the male perineum and the components forming the urogenital and anal triangles as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Anal and Urogenital Triangles of the Perineum."
   8. name male and female reproductive homologues
      
3. female reproductive system:
   1. trace the pathway of ova through the system.
   2. name, describe, and identify uterine ligaments noting the relative importance in support of the uterus.
   3. describe the normal positions of the uterus, retroversion, and uterine prolapse.
   4. name, describe, and identify pelvic diaphragm components, its role in uterine support and anal continence.
   5. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of the female reproductive system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Female Reproductive System."
   6. name, describe, and identify the female perineum and the components forming the urogenital and anal triangles as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Anal and Urogenital Triangles of the Perineum."
   7. name female and male reproductive homologues.
   8. dissect and identify in the cadaver the structures of the female reproductive system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
      
      

Endocrine System

1. define endocrine.
2. describe the gross anatomy, location, and anatomical relationships of certain endocrine glands (hypophysis, adrenals, thyroid, parathyroids).
3. dissect and identify in the cadaver the adrenals and thyroid gland.
   
   Comment: This material is covered much more extensively in histology and physiology courses.
   
   

Surface Anatomy

1. describe the surface anatomy and markings of the abdomen and thorax as landmarks to the location of underlying viscera.
2. as a lab exercise, draw on a living subject the location of the viscera using the surface landmarks previously described.

Mediastinum

1. name the subdivisions of the mediastinum.
2. describe the borders of each subdivision.
3. given a specific structure of the mediastinum, name the specific mediastinal subdivision in which the structure is located.

Special Sense Organs
(Eye & Ear)

1. name, describe, and identify the structures of the eye and ear as presented in "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Anatomy of Eye and Ear".
2. dissect a sheep eye identifying structures as listed in the sheep eye dissection of "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Anatomy of Eye.
   
   

Case Studies

1. participate in the laboratory periods devoted to case studies (case studies III, IV, V) as these labs help to reinforce the clinical relevance of anatomy studied.

PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN