1. Introduction & Review of the Typical Spinal Nerve & Histology of the Nervous System.
   The student is expected to demonstrate, in written format, a thorough understanding of the functional components associated with each portion of the typical spinal nerve. This information will be tested on each exam given in the course, including the final exam. The student will also review and demonstrate recognition and functional significance of the histology of the nervous system, particularly as it relates to the peripheral nervous system.
2. General Neurophysiology
   Neurophysiology will be covered extensively, and the student is expected to demonstrate, in written format, a thorough understanding of the generation and maintenance of resting potential, depolarization, action potential, hyperpolarization, generator potentials, EPSPs, and IPSPs; concepts of summation, refractory periods, impulse propogation, and second messenger systems.
3. General Neuropharmacology
   An introduction to neuropharmacology is given, stressing events at the chemical synapse. The student is expected to demonstrate, in written format, an understanding of the inclusion/exclusion criteria for identifying a substance as a neurotransmitter substance; details of activity, receptor binding, and specific agonists and antagonists, specifically the following neurotransmitters / neuromodulators: actylcholine, enkephalin, GABA/glycine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephine/epinephrine, substance P, glutamate, and aspartate.
4. Receptor Physiology
   General receptor physiology is discussed with reference to neuropharamcology and neurophysiology. The three main types of receptors are discussed in some detail, and the student is expected to demonstrate, in written format, an understanding of these concepts: passive (non- gated) ion channels, ligand-dependent ion channels, and voltage-dependent ion channels. Additionally, second messenger activity as regards ion channel physiology is also discussed, and expected to be understood.
5. Spinal Reflexes and the Motor Systems
   Motor systems are introduced, conscious motor activity and control of skeletal muscle contraction is the concentration. Upper and lower motor neuron concepts are discussed, and the clinical concepts of flaccid and spastic paralyses introduced. Reflex patterns are discussed in detail and are expected to be understood in detail. The student is expected to demonstrate in written format, an understanding of the information above, as well as the concepts of fast and slow muscle. This unit also continues the discussion of proprioception, muscle spindle activity, and Golgi tendon organ function. These concepts will also be tested in written format.
6. Visceral Afferents and the Autonomic Nervous Sytem.
   Throughout the course, the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic motor nervous system will be stressed. The visceral and somatic afferents will be discussed in several units and their properties compared. The last four units of the course will carefully describe the innervation of each organ system specifically. The segmental origin and peripheral course of the autonomic input to these systems will be thoroughly described. It is expected that the student pay close attention to autonomic system examples given throughout the course, and have a solid background in autonomic patterns of innervation through the functional component discussions and testing before beginning these final units. The final exam will test primarily the student's ability to compare and contrast somatic and visceral patterns of input in terms of neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, and receptor physiology as well as neuroanatomy.
   

• Exams and quizzes will be taken on the dates as scheduled within the first two weeks of class, unless mutual agreement to re-schedule is met through class vote (simple majority, when the course director approves). Though it is understood that weddings or religious holidays are examples of excused absences, zero's will be entered in the event of un-excused absence. Make-up exams, when considered appropriate, are given according to the student handbook requirements. Students are expected to read the handbook, be aware of the policies and adhere to them.
  
  
• There will be 3 written exams (each worth 100 points) and 1 written final (worth 200 points). Ten percent (10%) of the grade will be based on six weekly quizzes each worth ten points. The third exam is typically take-home format. Details will be given in class.
  
  
• A grade of "A" requires 90% of the points given; "B's" require 80% of the points given; "C's" require 70% of the points given; "D's" require NO LESS than 65% of the points given.
  
  
• Examinations may include material that has not been thoroughly discussed in class. You are responsible for all readings assigned. No more than 10% of any exam would contain independent reading material.
  
  
• Regrading of quizzes and exams must be accomplished within one week of initial grading. None will be accepted after this period.
  
  
• The syllabus is subject to change to within two weeks notice of the final. This means grading scales may change (though only downward); additional assignments may be made and other modifications may occur as the professor deems necessary. Every effort will be made to keep the student's best interest in mind.
  
  
• I expect students to work hard, appear in class on time, and afford myself and your peers the appropriate level of respect. I will be equally respectful of you.
  
  
• As you know, my teaching style allows great latitude for creative use of class time, providing the class is mature in its handling of this responsibility. I expect high standards of integrity, as I'm sure you expect these of me. Demonstration of inability to maintain a professional attitude required of Doctors of Chiropractic will not be tolerated. Up to 30 points (5% of your grade) may be subtracted from your grade based on professionalism in class. The course director makes the final decision regarding the disposition of these points.
  
  
• Weekly quizzes: Each week you will receive assignments regarding the worksheets on "Quiz Info Pages" detailing the segmental organization of the PNS. You will receive only minimal instruction regarding these worksheets, as they are largely self explanatory. Six weekly quizzes will be given. These quizzes will account for 10% of your final grade. NO MAKE-UPS will be allowed, except in cases of emergency. You will be expected to memorize the segmental origin(s) of each named nerve assigned, the muscle(s) to which the nerves of segments project and the actions of the muscles named. You will be responsible for the segmental origins as they are given IN THIS SYLLABUS!!! I have tried to correlate these segmental origins with your anatomy and NMS classes. If other discrepancies arise, please discuss it with me OUTSIDE of class time, and I will make a general announcement regarding any changes. It will be expected that you will have this information committed to LONG TERM memory following this class. THE QUIZ INFORMATION WILL NOT APPEAR ON THE MAJOR EXAMS.

Guaranteed grades are as follows:

-A. The student will be able to describe the resting potential, passive ion channels, and the importance of the sodium potassium pump.

-B. The student will be able to describe the action potential in detail. The importance of gated ion channels, G-proteins and concepts of summation will be demonstrated through didatic questioning.

-C. To be continued.

COGNITIVE DOMAIN

PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN