Prerequisite: Biochemistry 1

A continuation of Biochemistry 1: glycogen, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, urea cycle, steroids, liver biotransformations, vitamins, and trace elements.

This course introduces new students to concepts and issues pertaining to building the foundations for the business of chiropractic practice and for becoming a professional. Discussion will include what it means to be a professional; ways that students can begin to grow in terms of displaying the qualities and behaviors expected of a professional; core/governing values; money concepts; and budgeting.

This course will introduce goal-setting that is consistent with governing values developed from the previous term. Public speaking in relation to addressing common questions in chiropractic practice will be explored with in-class speaking presentations.

This course will expose students to the concepts issues that are central to aspects of routine office visits including the history, examination/X-rays, and report of findings. Students will develop and apply skills of communication and rapport-buidling necessary for practice.

Prerequisite: Physical Diagnosis

Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common complaints and important cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. Students learn diagnostic and treatment procedures, and discuss how doctors of chiropractic can participate in the management of patients who have these disorders.

Students develop an understanding of normal growth and development of the child. An emphasis is placed on lifestyles and behaviors that support health maintenance and prevent common disorders or diseases of childhood.

A variety of patient cases are presented and discussed in an interactive format. Most presenters are field doctors from the University's Community-Based Internship program.

Presentation and discussion of patient cases commonly seen in the outpatient clinic setting.

The initial internship term begins with practical experiences accompanied by lecture and small group discussions, and supported by web site resources. All elements of doctor-patient interaction are reviewed and discussed, including interviewing; examination; development of a diagnosis and management plan; re-evaluation; outcome assessment; and documentation. Through interaction with early-term chiropractic program students and simulated patients, interns refine the skills necessary for progression to the next phase of their clinical experience and share their experiences in small group discussions.

Prerequisite: Clinic Internship 1

In the second internship term, students continue to apply and review all elements of the patient care process as they work with faculty clinicians in the University Health Service, caring for patients from the campus community. In lecture and small group discussion sessions, students critique and discuss videotaped patient encounters. Topics emphasized include patient and professional communication, cultural competence, clinical thinking, and case management. During the practical and didactic elements of the course, students also advance their skills in gathering clinical information, synthesizing laboratory and radiographic data, arriving at accurate diagnostic decisions, providing health counseling; and competently treating clinic patients.

Prerequisite: Clinic Internship 2

During the 17-week clinic term, interns provide chiropractic care to patients under the supervision of faculty clinicians. Doctors of chiropractic mentor students in either the University's Natural Care Centers or the Community Based Internship program as they further develop their competence in all elements of the clinical process. Prerequisites and other internship policies and procedures are described in the Clinic Handbook and explained during orientation sessions scheduled in Trimesters 7 and 8.

Prerequisite: Clinic Internship 3

During the 17-week clinic term, interns provide chiropractic care to patients under the supervision of faculty clinicians. Doctors of chiropractic mentor students in either the University's Natural Care Centers or the Community Based Internship Program as they further develop their competence in all elements of the clinical process. Prerequisites and other internship policies and procedures are described in the Clinic Handbook and explained during orientation sessions scheduled in Trimesters 7 and 8.

In the final academic term, students complete their internship by continuing to provide chiropractic care to patients in the University Natural Care Centers, or in any approved Community Based Internship. Interns carry out examinations, administer chiropractic care and deliver treatment under the direction of a supervising clinical faculty while completing their technical requirements for graduation.

In the final academic term, students who have completed all clinical quantitative requirements related to patient visits, physical examinations, radiographic, laboratory and case management studies may expand their Clinic Internship options to include working with both urban and rural areas across the United States and in many foreign countries.

Prerequisites: Biochemistry 1 and 2; Physiology 1 and 2

Discussion of nutrient metabolism and physiologic function in the body. Components of nutrition including vitamins, major minerals, and trace elements. Macronutrients and micronutrients are discussed along with clinical applications.

Prerequisite: Clinical Nutrition 1

Current application of nutritional management of common conditions encountered in chiropractic practice, including disorders of the organ systems. Discussion of nutritional needs throughout life. Students practice assessing nutritional status. Discussion of general, individual, and community nutritional needs along with special patient populations.

Prerequisites: Gross Anatomy 1 & 2; Histology; Physiology; Microbiology; and Biochemistry 1 and 2

Introduction to laboratory skills, including venipuncture, and discussion of urinalysis, hematology and serology. Emphasis on interpretation of laboratory test results and study of case histories to enhance clinical learning and diagnostic skills.

Prerequisite: Clinical Pathology 1

Discussion of laboratory alterations accompanying abnormal function of body organs and specific diseases, with emphasis on interpretation of blood chemistries. Choosing appropriate lab tests. Correlation of laboratory results with patient history and examination findings. Case histories are discussed to enhance clinical learning.

Prerequisite: Physical Diagnosis

Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of dermatological conditions commonly encountered in chiropractic practice, including infections, tumors, allergic reactions, inflammatory conditions and skin injuries. Discussions as to how chiropractic doctors participate in the management of patients who have skin conditions.

Prerequisite: Physical Diagnosis

Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common complaints and disorders of the eyes, ears, nose, and throat. Students practice diagnostic and treatment procedures. Discussion on how doctors of chiropractic can participate in the management of patients with E.E.N.T. disorders.

Corequisite: Gross Anatomy 2

The early human embryology (fertilization through the three germ layers) and the special embryology of the major organ systems as well as special sense organs.

Prerequisites: Physical Diagnosis, Infection Control

Basic techniques of assessment and management of patients experiencing airway, breathing and circulatory emergencies. Customized for the chiropractic physician who may encounter situations with adults or pediatric patients in clinical or field environments. Students receive A.H.A. Health Care Provider C.P.R. certification and First Responder Certification from the State of Minnesota. Upon successful completion, students are eligible to challenge the National Registry First Responder exam.

Prerequisite: Physical Diagnosis

Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common endocrine disorders and complaints, including the chiropractor's role in the management of patients with these disorders.

Prerequisites: Physical Diagnosis, Clinical Pathology I
Co-requisite: Clinical Pathology 2

Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorders and complaints. Students practice diagnostic and treatment procedures, and discuss how doctors of chiropractic can participate in the management of patients with these disorders.

An in-depth study of the human skeletal and muscular systems, regional anatomy of the extremities, and an introduction to the nervous system. Laboratory includes human dissection.

Prerequisite: Gross Anatomy 1
Co-requisites: Histology 2, Embryology

The gross anatomy of the special sense organs and the nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urogenital, and endocrine systems; systemic and regional interrelationships. Laboratory includes human dissection.

Prerequisite: Physical Diagnosis

Diagnosis and care of elderly patients, with emphasis on the most common conditions and complaints, especially those likely to be present in chiropractic offices. Discussion of normal aging versus disease, theories of aging, demographic trends, and special features of geriatric history taking, examination, diagnosis, and chiropractic care.

Prerequisite: Histology 1

The functional microanatomy of the organs of the circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, endocrine and immune systems.

Prerequisite: Biochemistry 1
Recommended: Pathology 1, Histology 2

The theoretical and practical basis of clinical microbiology: structure, classification, genetics, control, cultivation and identification of typical species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The normal immune defenses and pathological interactions between microbes and human host are stressed.

Students will learn the principles of infection control, bloodborne pathogens and OSHA regulations and apply them to both classroom and clinical settings.

Prerequisite: Microbiology

Discussion of infectious disease, with emphasis on common pathogens and the diseases they cause. Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common complaints of infectious diseases.

This course assists the student through the transition from the classroom to the clinical environment by introducing the patient care and record-keeping procedures of the University Health Service. Web site resources augment lecture and small group discussion sessions covering all aspects of documentation and the clinic procedures students will follow during their initial patient care experiences in the subsequent term.

Overview of the legal environment of chiropractic service. Topics include malpractice, the chiropractic report, contracts, legal entities, direct and cross examination, chiropractic statutes, scope of practice and ethics. Material covers the statutes and ethics that govern chiropractic practice, how to legally begin business, how to prepare a legal case report, and how to obtain malpractice insurance.

This course covers the physiologic and biomechanical changes normal to pregnancy. Those behaviors that maximize health in pregnancy for the mother and her unborn child will be addressed in depth. Health aspects of the first year of life are also discussed.

Examination of important psychological theories, assessment tools, and conditions. Discussion of common presentations of psychological disorders, how to screen for these conditions in the chiropractic office, and fundamentals of treatment. Diagnostic categories and syndromes are reviewed.

Prerequisite: Mental Health 1

The student will develop his/her own unique theory of helping by looking at different styles of doctor-patient relationships, issues of professional boundaries, and attributes of an effective helping relationship. Development of skill, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for influencing patient recovery and maintaining the mental health of the patient and chiropractic clinician is discussed.

The fundamental terminology and skills used by the chiropractor during patient assessment (PARTS) are introduced; including patient observation and postural assessment; visual recognition and palpation of topographical landmarks; segmental motion palpation; and the physical and radiographic recognition of vertebral dysrelationships.

Prerequisite: Methods 1

Development and integration of skills necessary to detect various manifestations of spinal subluxation and/or dysfunction, including static and motion palpation (active, passive, end feel); radiographic marking and mensuration; and postural examination.

Prerequisite: Methods 2

Introduction to applied adjustive procedures using high-velocity, low-amplitude thrusts in the cervical and thoracic regions. Methods derived from various technique systems (e.g. Gonstead, Thompson, Faye, Diversified) are practiced under direct supervision after PARTS evaluation has identified segments for which adjustments are indicated.

Prerequisite: Methods 3

Introduction to applied adjustive procedures using high velocity, low amplitude thrusts in the lumbar and pelvic regions; continued development of same in the cervical and thoracic regions. Methods derived from various technique systems (e.g. Gonstead, Thompson, Faye, Diversified) are practiced under direct supervision after PARTS evaluation has identified segments for which adjustments are indicated.

Prerequisite: Methods 4

Continued development of psychomotor skills introduced in previous methods courses, with emphasis on modifications necessary to fit specific doctor and/or patient needs. Management strategies of common axial and appendicular conditions are discussed and practiced.

Prerequisite: Methods 5

Continued development of chiropractic diagnostic and adjustive skills used in previous courses. Complete management strategies of common axial and appendicular conditions are discussed and practiced.

Prerequisite: Completion of Methods 1 through 6

The capstone of the Methods sequence is a selection of mini-courses in various techniques. Students are required to complete two such mini-courses to satisfy their Methods 7 requirement. Selectives vary by term: offerings include Activator Methods, structure-based spinal and extremity techniques, flexion-distraction and passive motion techniques, advanced motion-assessment techniques, advanced soft-tissue techniques, upper cervical specific techniques, and adjustments/manipulation variants.

Prerequisites: Neuroscience 1; Neuroscience 2

Discussion of the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common disorders and complaints of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Students practice diagnostic techniques and treatment procedures, and discuss how doctors of chiropractic can participate in the management of patients who have nervous system disorders.

Prerequisite: Gross Anatomy 1
Corequisite: Physiology 1

In-depth study of the organization of the nervous system followed by a detailed study of neurophysiology, including receptor pharmacology; spinal nerves, with major emphasis on visceral and somatic afferent and efferent PNS pathways; reflex arcs; common segmental innervations; and dermatomes.

Prerequisite: Gross Anatomy 1 and 2

The anatomy and function of the brain and spinal cord.

Prerequisites: Spine and Pelvis, Skeletal Radiology 1, Neuroscience 1
Corequisite: Physical Diagnosis

Discussion of the integral relationship between neuromusculoskeletal structure and function and the healthy function of all other body systems and organs. Introduction to the evaluation and treatment of neuromusculoskeletal responses to common postural and traumatic insults and to pathologies in the neuromusculoskeletal system and other body systems. Students practice diagnostic and treatment procedures, and discuss how chiropractors can participate in the management of patients who have N.M.S. disorders.